As
an island state, one that needs to keep the sea lanes open for commerce in
order to feed its high population, and one whose people have traditionally
feared the ability of an army to seize a government (which a navy cannot do), Great
Britain has always emphasized naval over land-based power; it therefore
maintained quite a small army (equating to, in the words of one history book, a
“colonial police force”) for a country of its importance, even before disarmament
diminished its strength through the 1920’s and 1930’s. In 1940, then, when their ally France quickly
terminated resistance to the Blitzkrieg, the British knew that they could not hold
territory on the European mainland; they consequently decided upon the
long-respected practice of a strategic withdrawal, viz., removing one’s troops
to a more easily defensible position, which, in this case, was behind Great Britain’s
“moat”, the English Channel. Anyone who
thinks that the evacuation from Dunkirk was a catastrophe doesn’t know much
about military strategy; unfortunately, though, public opinion has often been
formed by persons who have no expertise in the subject that they are
discussing.